Home
About the NOF
Media Enquiries
NOF's latest news
Newsletters
Children
Healthcare Professionals
Training resource for Healthcare Professionals
Healthy approach to weight-loss
2008 NOF Conference
Other Conferences
All Party Parliamentary Group on Obesity
Awards
Useful Links
Join the NOF
Contact Us
NOF Regional sites
National Obesity Forum
An independent charity, working to improve the prevention and management of obesity.
References

1. Joint Health Survey Unit (on behalf of the Department of Health). Health Survey for England. Norwich: The Stationery Office, 2002:
www.publications.doh.gov.uk/public/summary1.htm.

2. World Health Organisation. Diet, Nutrition and the Prevention of Chronic Diseases. Geneva: World Health Organisation, 2003.

3. Manson J, Colditz G, Stampfer M et al. A prospective study of obesity and risk of coronary heart disease in women. N Engl J Med 1990;322(13):882–889.

4. Kannel W, Cupples L, Ramaswami R et al. Regional obesity and risk of cardiovascular disease; the Framingham Study. J Clin Epidemiol 1991;44(2):183–90.

5. Kenchaiah S, Evans JC, Levy D et al. Obesity and the risk of heart failure. N Engl J Med 2002;347(5):305–313.

6. Rashid M, Fuentes F, Touchon R et al. Obesity and the risk for cardiovascular disease. Prev Cardiol 2003;6(1):42–7.

7. Colditz GA, Willett WC, Rotnitzky A et al. Weight gain as a risk factor for clinical diabetes mellitus in women. Ann Intern Med 1995;122(7):481–486.

8. Van itallie T. Obesity: adverse effects on health and longevity. Am J Clin Nutr 1979;32:2723–2733.

9. Manson JE, Willett WC, Stampfer MJ et al. Body weight and mortality among women. N Engl J Med 1995;333(11):677–685.

10. Calle EE, Thun MJ, Petrelli JM et al. Body-mass index and mortality in a prospective cohort of U.S. adults. N Engl J Med 1999;341(15):1097–1105.

11. Rolls BJ, Morris EL, Roe LS. Portion size of food affects energy intake in normalweight and overweight men and women. Am J Clin Nutr 2002;76(6):1207–1213.

12. Costain L. Diet Trials: How to succeed at dieting. London: BBC Worldwide limited, 2003.

13. Loos RJF, Bouchard C. Obesity – is it a genetic disorder? J Intern Med 2003;254(5):401–425.

14. Stunkard A, Harris J, Pedersen N et al. The body-mass index of twins who have been reared apart. N Engl J Med 1990;322(21):1483–1487.

15. Sorensen T, Holst C, Stunkard A et al. Correlations of body mass index of adult adoptees and their biological and adoptive relatives. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 1992;16(3):227–236.

16. Vogler G, Sorensen T, Stunkard A et al. Influences of genes and shared family environment on adult body mass index assessed in an adoption study by a comprehensive path model. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 1995;19(1):40–5.

17. Rice T, Perusse L, Bouchard C et al. Familial aggregation of body mass index and subcutaneous fat measures in the longitudinal Quebec family study. Genet Epidemiol 1999;16(3):316–34.

18. Cummings D, Schwartz M. Genetics and pathophysiology of human obesity. Annu Rev Med 2003;54:453–71.

19. National Audit Office. Tackling Obesity in England. Report by the Comptroller and Auditor General. Norwich: The Stationery Office, 2001.

20. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. The general's call to action to prevent and decrease overweight and obesity. Washington: Office of the Surgeon General, 2001.

21. Jung R. Obesity as a disease. Br Med Bull 1997;53(2):307–321.

22. Goldstein D. Beneficial health effects of modest weight loss. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 1992;16(6):397–415.

23. Vidal J. Updated review on the benefits of weight loss. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 2002;26(Suppl 4):S25–28.

24. Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group. Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin. N Engl J Med 2002;346(6):393–403.

25. Tuomilehto J, Lindstrom J, Eriksson JG et al. Prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus by changes in lifestyle among subjects with impaired glucose tolerance. N Engl J Med 2001;344(18):1343–1350.

26. Armstrong J, Reilly J. Breastfeeding and lowering the risk of childhood obesity. Lancet 2002;359(9322):2003–4.

27. von Kries R, Koletzko B, Sauerwald T et al. Breast feeding and obesity: cross- sectional study. BMJ 1999;319(7203):147–150.

28. Gillman MW, Rifas-Shiman SL, Camargo CA Jr et al. Risk of overweight among adolescents who were breastfed as infants. JAMA 2001;285(19):2461–2467.

29. Reilly J, Dorosty A. Epidemic of obesity in UK children. Lancet 1999;354(9193):1874–5.

30. Danielzik S, Langnase K, Mast M et al. Impact of parental BMI on the manifestation of overweight 5–7 year old children. Eur J Nutr 2002;41(3):132–138.

31. Whitaker RC, Wright JA, Pepe MS et al. Predicting obesity in young adulthood from childhood and parental obesity. N Engl J Med 1997;337(13):869–873.

32. NHS Centre for Reviews and Dissemination. The prevention and treatment of obesity. Effective Health Care 1997;3(2):1–12.

33. Hofstetter A, Schutz Y, Jequier E et al. Increased 24-hour energy expenditure in cigarette smokers. N Engl J Med 1986;314(2):79–82.

34. Williamson D, Madans J, Anda R et al. Smoking cessation and severity of weight gain in a national cohort. N Engl J Med 1991;324(11):739–745.

35. James WPT, Nelson M, Ralph A et al. Socioeconomic determinants of health: the contribution of nutrition to inequalities in health. BMJ 1997;314(7093):1545–1549.

36. Henderson L, Gregory J. The National Diet & Nutrition Survey: Adults aged 19– 64 years. London: Social survey division of the Office for National Statistics, 2002.

37. Joint Health Survey Unit (on behalf of the department of Health). Health Survey for England 1999: Health of Minority Ethnic Groups. Norwich: Office for National Statistics, 1999: www.publications.doh.gov.uk/public/hse99.htm.

38. Redefining Obesity and its treatment; 2000; Melbourne. International Diabetes Institute.

39. Weisell R. Body mass index as an indicator of obesity. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr 2002;11(Suppl 8):S681–684.

40. Andersen LB, Schnohr P, Schroll M et al. All-cause mortality associated with physical activity during leisure time, work, sports, and cycling to work. Arch Intern Med 2000;160(11):1621–1628.